The different shapes are examples of the orientations of the bonds and cover coordination numbers 1 to 6.
The orbital 8 model collection set contains sufficient parts to make the eight atomic models shown in the picture.
Lone pairs are represented by brown spheres or brown pear shaped parts.
The 2 extra pear shaped parts are included in the set to enable protonated models to be made.
e.g. Acid/Base theory, the formation of H3O+ as a result of the migration of H+ from hydrogen chloride.
Models: linear, HCl (hydrogen chloride); linear, BeCl (beryllium chloride); Bent, H2O (water); trigonal planar, BH3 (boron trihydride); Pyramidal, NH3 (ammonia); tetrahedral, CH4 (methane); trigonal bipyramidal, PCl5 (phosphorus pentachloride); Octahedral, SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride).

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